Jak nainstalovat nebo upgradovat LAMP:Linux, Apache, MySQL a PHP Stack pomocí Yum

Dříve jsme diskutovali o tom, jak nainstalovat Apache a PHP ze zdroje. Instalace zásobníku LAMP ze zdroje vám poskytne plnou kontrolu nad konfigurací různých parametrů.

Instalace zásobníku LAMP pomocí yum je velmi snadné a zabere jen pár minut. Toto je dobrá volba pro začátečníky, kteří se necítí pohodlně instalovat ze zdroje. Instalace zásobníku LAMP pomocí yum je také dobrá volba, pokud chcete mít věci jednoduché a pouze použít výchozí konfiguraci.

1. Nainstalujte Apache pomocí Yum

# rpm -qa | grep httpd

[Note: If the above command did not return anything,
          install apache as shown below]

# yum install httpd

Ověřte, že byl Apache úspěšně nainstalován

# rpm -qa | grep -i http

httpd-tools-2.2.9-1.fc9.i386
httpd-2.2.9-1.fc9.i386

Povolte automatické spouštění služby httpd během spouštění systému pomocí chkconfig. Spusťte Apache, jak je znázorněno níže.

# chkconfig httpd on

# service httpd start
Starting httpd:                   [  OK  ]

2. Upgradujte Apache pomocí Yum

Pokud jste během instalace Linuxu vybrali balíček webového serveru, Apache je již ve vašem Linuxu nainstalován. V takovém případě můžete upgradovat Apache na nejnovější verzi, jak je uvedeno níže.

Zkontrolujte, zda je již nainstalován Apache.

# rpm -qa | grep -i http

httpd-tools-2.2.8-3.i386
httpd-2.2.8-3.i386
[Note: This indicates that Apache 2.2.8 version is installed already]

Zkontrolujte, zda je k dispozici nejnovější verze Apache pro instalaci pomocí yum.

# yum check-update httpd

Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit
httpd.i386      2.2.9-1.fc9       updates
[Note: This indicates that the latest Apache version 2.2.9
       is available for upgrade]

Upgradujte Apache na nejnovější verzi pomocí yum.

# yum update httpd

Výstup yum aktualizace httpd příkaz:

Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit
Setting up Update Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package httpd.i386 0:2.2.9-1.fc9 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.2.9-1.fc9 for package: httpd
--> Running transaction check
---> Package httpd-tools.i386 0:2.2.9-1.fc9 set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=============================================================================
Package                 Arch       Version          Repository        Size
=============================================================================
Updating:
httpd                   i386       2.2.9-1.fc9      updates           975 k
httpd-tools             i386       2.2.9-1.fc9      updates            69 k

Transaction Summary
=============================================================================
Install      0 Package(s)
Update       2 Package(s)
Remove       0 Package(s)

Total download size: 1.0 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/2): httpd-tools-2.2.9-1.fc9.i386.rpm                  |  69 kB     00:00
(2/2): httpd-2.2.9-1.fc9.i386.rpm                        | 975 kB     00:00
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Updating       : httpd-tools                                       [1/4]
Updating       : httpd                                             [2/4]
Cleanup        : httpd                                             [3/4]
Cleanup        : httpd-tools                                       [4/4]

Updated: httpd.i386 0:2.2.9-1.fc9 httpd-tools.i386 0:2.2.9-1.fc9
Complete!

Ověřte, zda byl Apache úspěšně upgradován.

# rpm -qa | grep -i http

httpd-tools-2.2.9-1.fc9.i386
httpd-2.2.9-1.fc9.i386
[Note: This indicates that Apache was upgraded to 2.2.9 successfully]

3. Nainstalujte MySQL pomocí Yum

Yum je velmi chytrý, aby identifikoval všechny závislosti a automaticky je nainstaloval. Například při instalaci mysql-server pomocí yum se také automaticky nainstalují závislé balíčky mysql-libs, perl-DBI, mysql, perl-DBD-MySQL, jak je uvedeno níže.

# yum install mysql-server

Výstup yum install mysql-server příkaz:

Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit
Setting up Install Process
Parsing package install arguments
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-server.i386 0:5.0.51a-1.fc9 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient_r.so.15 for mysql-server
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.15 for mysql-server
--> Processing Dependency: perl-DBI for package: mysql-server
--> Processing Dependency: mysql = 5.0.51a-1.fc9 for package: mysql-server
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.15 for package: mysql-server
--> Processing Dependency: perl(DBI) for package: mysql-server
--> Processing Dependency: perl-DBD-MySQL for package: mysql-server
--> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient_r.so.15 for package: mysql-server
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql.i386 0:5.0.51a-1.fc9 set to be updated
---> Package mysql-libs.i386 0:5.0.51a-1.fc9 set to be updated
---> Package perl-DBD-MySQL.i386 0:4.005-8.fc9 set to be updated
---> Package perl-DBI.i386 0:1.607-1.fc9 set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=============================================================================
Package                 Arch       Version          Repository        Size
=============================================================================
Installing:
mysql-server            i386       5.0.51a-1.fc9    fedora            9.8 M
Installing for dependencies:
mysql                   i386       5.0.51a-1.fc9    fedora            2.9 M
mysql-libs              i386       5.0.51a-1.fc9    fedora            1.5 M
perl-DBD-MySQL          i386       4.005-8.fc9      fedora            165 k
perl-DBI                i386       1.607-1.fc9      updates           776 k

Transaction Summary
=============================================================================
Install      5 Package(s)
Update       0 Package(s)
Remove       0 Package(s)

Total download size: 15 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/5): perl-DBD-MySQL-4.005-8.fc9.i386.rpm           | 165 kB     00:00
(2/5): perl-DBI-1.607-1.fc9.i386.rpm                 | 776 kB     00:00
(3/5): mysql-libs-5.0.51a-1.fc9.i386.rpm             | 1.5 MB     00:00
(4/5): mysql-5.0.51a-1.fc9.i386.rpm                  | 2.9 MB     00:00
(5/5): mysql-server-5.0.51a-1.fc9.i386.rpm           | 9.8 MB     00:01
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing     : mysql-libs                                        [1/5]
Installing     : perl-DBI                                          [2/5]
Installing     : mysql                                             [3/5]
Installing     : perl-DBD-MySQL                                    [4/5]
Installing     : mysql-server                                      [5/5]

Installed: mysql-server.i386 0:5.0.51a-1.fc9
Dependency Installed:
  mysql.i386 0:5.0.51a-1.fc9 mysql-libs.i386 0:5.0.51a-1.fc9
  perl-DBD-MySQL.i386 0:4.005-8.fc9 perl-DBI.i386 0:1.607-1.fc9
Complete!

Ověřte, zda je MySQL správně nainstalováno.

# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql

php-mysql-5.2.6-2.fc9.i386
mysql-libs-5.0.51a-1.fc9.i386
mysql-server-5.0.51a-1.fc9.i386
perl-DBD-MySQL-4.005-8.fc9.i386
mysql-5.0.51a-1.fc9.i386

# mysql -V

mysql  Ver 14.12 Distrib 5.0.51a, for redhat-linux-gnu (i386) using readline 5.0

Nakonfigurujte MySQL tak, aby se spouštělo automaticky během spouštění systému.

# chkconfig mysqld on

Spusťte službu MySQL.

# service mysqld start

Když poprvé spustíte mysqld, zobrazí se dodatečná informační zpráva indikující provedení konfigurace po instalaci, jak je uvedeno níže.

Initializing MySQL database:
Installing MySQL system tables... OK
Filling help tables... OK

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system

PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h dev-db password 'new-password'

Alternatively you can run: /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation
which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default.  This is
highly recommended for production servers.
See the manual for more instructions.
You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd /usr ; /usr/bin/mysqld_safe &
You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl
Please report any problems with the /usr/bin/mysqlbug script!
The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at
http://www.mysql.com
Support MySQL by buying support/licenses at http://shop.mysql.com

Starting MySQL:                                            [  OK  ]

4. Proveďte aktivity po instalaci MySQL

Po instalaci mysql se můžete přihlásit ke kořenovému účtu mysql bez zadání hesla, jak je uvedeno níže.

# mysql -u root

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.0.51a Source distribution

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

mysql>

Chcete-li tento problém vyřešit, musíte ke kořenovému účtu mysql přiřadit heslo, jak je uvedeno níže. Spusťte skript mysql_secure_installation, který provede následující činnosti:

• Přiřaďte heslo uživatele root
• Odebrat anonymního uživatele
• Zakázat přihlášení uživatele root ze vzdálených počítačů
• Odeberte výchozí ukázkovou testovací databázi

# /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation

Výstup skriptu mysql_secure_installation:

NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MySQL
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!

In order to log into MySQL to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user.  If you've just installed MySQL, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MySQL
root user without the proper authorisation.

Set root password? [Y/n] Y
New password: [Note: Enter the mysql root password here]
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!

By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y
... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y
... Success!

By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y
... Success!

Cleaning up...
All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MySQL
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MySQL!

Ověřte aktivity po instalaci MySQL:

# mysql -u root

ERROR 1045 (28000):Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost'(using password:NO)
[Note: root access without password is denied]

# mysql -u root -p

Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 13
Server version: 5.0.51a Source distribution

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
+--------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[Note: test database is removed]

5. Upgradujte MySQL pomocí Yum

Zkontrolujte, zda je již nainstalováno MySQL.

# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql

Zkontrolujte, zda je k dispozici nejnovější verze MySQL pro instalaci pomocí yum.

# yum check-update mysql-server

Upgradujte MySQL na nejnovější verzi pomocí yum.

# yum update mysql-server

6. Nainstalujte PHP pomocí Yum

# yum install php

Výstup yum install php :

Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit
Setting up Install Process
Parsing package install arguments
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package php.i386 0:5.2.6-2.fc9 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: php-common = 5.2.6-2.fc9 for package: php
--> Processing Dependency: php-cli = 5.2.6-2.fc9 for package: php
--> Running transaction check
---> Package php-common.i386 0:5.2.6-2.fc9 set to be updated
---> Package php-cli.i386 0:5.2.6-2.fc9 set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved
=============================================================================
Package                 Arch       Version          Repository        Size
=============================================================================
Installing:
php                     i386       5.2.6-2.fc9      updates           1.2 M
Installing for dependencies:
php-cli                 i386       5.2.6-2.fc9      updates           2.3 M
php-common              i386       5.2.6-2.fc9      updates           228 k

Transaction Summary
=============================================================================
Install      3 Package(s)
Update       0 Package(s)
Remove       0 Package(s)

Total download size: 3.8 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/3): php-common-5.2.6-2.fc9.i386.rpm  | 228 kB     00:00
(2/3): php-5.2.6-2.fc9.i386.rpm         | 1.2 MB     00:00
(3/3): php-cli-5.2.6-2.fc9.i386.rpm     | 2.3 MB     00:00
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing     : php-common     [1/3]
Installing     : php-cli        [2/3]
Installing     : php            [3/3]

Installed: php.i386 0:5.2.6-2.fc9
Dependency Installed: php-cli.i386 0:5.2.6-2.fc9 php-common.i386 0:5.2.6-2.fc9
Complete!

Ověřte, že php byl úspěšně nainstalován.

# rpm -qa | grep -i php

php-cli-5.2.6-2.fc9.i386
php-5.2.6-2.fc9.i386
php-common-5.2.6-2.fc9.i386

Nainstalujte modul MySQL pro PHP.

# yum search php-mysql

Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit
=========== Matched: php-mysql =============
php-mysql.i386 : A module for PHP applications that use MySQL databases

# yum install php-mysql

Výstup yum install php-mysql :

Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit
Setting up Install Process
Parsing package install arguments
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package php-mysql.i386 0:5.2.6-2.fc9 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: php-pdo for package: php-mysql
--> Running transaction check
---> Package php-pdo.i386 0:5.2.6-2.fc9 set to be updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=============================================================================
Package                 Arch       Version          Repository        Size
=============================================================================
Installing:
php-mysql               i386       5.2.6-2.fc9      updates            81 k
Installing for dependencies:
php-pdo                 i386       5.2.6-2.fc9      updates            62 k

Transaction Summary
=============================================================================
Install      2 Package(s)
Update       0 Package(s)
Remove       0 Package(s)

Total download size: 143 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/2): php-pdo-5.2.6-2.fc9.i386.rpm     |  62 kB     00:00
(2/2): php-mysql-5.2.6-2.fc9.i386.rpm   |  81 kB     00:00
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing     : php-pdo                [1/2]
Installing     : php-mysql              [2/2]

Installed: php-mysql.i386 0:5.2.6-2.fc9
Dependency Installed: php-pdo.i386 0:5.2.6-2.fc9
Complete!

Pokud potřebujete další moduly PHP, nainstalujte je pomocí yum, jak je uvedeno níže.

# yum install php-common php-mbstring php-mcrypt php-devel php-xml php-gd

7. Upgradujte PHP pomocí Yum

Zkontrolujte, zda je nainstalováno PHP.

# rpm -qa | grep -i php

Zkontrolujte, zda je k dispozici nejnovější verze PHP pro instalaci pomocí yum.

# yum check-update php

Upgradujte PHP na nejnovější verzi pomocí yum.

# yum update php

Upgradujte všechny další moduly PHP, které jste nainstalovali, pomocí yum.

# yum check-update php-common php-mbstring php-mcrypt php-devel php-xml php-gd

# yum update php-common php-mbstring php-mcrypt php-devel php-xml php-gd

Ověřte instalaci PHP vytvořením souboru test.php, jak je uvedeno níže.

# cat /var/www/html/test.php

<? phpinfo(); ?>

Vyvolejte test.php z prohlížeče http://{lamp-server-ip}/test.php , který zobrazí všechny informace o konfiguraci PHP a nainstalované moduly.

Pokud se vám tento článek líbil, přidejte si jej do záložek na del.icio.us a Zakopnout .