Služba OS Linux „chytrá“

smartd je démon, který monitoruje systém Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology (SMART) zabudovaný do mnoha pevných disků ATA-3 a pozdějších ATA, IDE a SCSI-3. Účelem SMART je monitorovat spolehlivost pevného disku a předpovídat selhání disku a provádět různé typy autotestů disku. Tato verze smartd je kompatibilní se standardy ATA/ATAPI-7 a dřívějšími.

smartd se pokusí povolit monitorování SMART na zařízeních ATA (ekvivalent smartctl -s on) a každých 30 minut se dotazuje těchto a SCSI zařízení (konfigurovatelné), protokoluje chyby SMART a změny atributů SMART prostřednictvím rozhraní SYSLOG. Výchozí umístění pro tato upozornění a varování SYSLOG je /var/log/messages. Chcete-li změnit výchozí umístění, použijte volbu příkazového řádku ‚-l‘ popsanou níže.

Kromě protokolování do souboru lze smartd také nakonfigurovat tak, aby v případě zjištění problémů zasílal e-mailová upozornění. V závislosti na typu problému můžete chtít spustit autotesty disku, zálohovat disk, vyměnit disk nebo použít nástroj výrobce k vynucení přerozdělení špatných nebo nečitelných sektorů disku. Pokud jsou zjištěny problémy s diskem, nahlédněte do manuálové stránky smartctl a na webovou stránku/FAQ smartmontools, kde najdete další pokyny.

Správa služeb

Umístění skriptu Init.d:

/etc/init.d/smartd

Příklad „chkconfig –list smartd“

# chkconfig --list smartd
smartd          0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

Dostupné možnosti využití služby

# service smartd
Usage: /etc/init.d/smartd {start|stop|reload|report|restart|status}

# service smartd start
Starting smartd:                                           [  OK  ]

# service smartd stop
Shutting down smartd:                                      [  OK  ]

# service smartd status
smartd (pid 4061 2857) is running...

# service smartd restart
Shutting down smartd:                                      [  OK  ]
Starting smartd:                                           [  OK  ]

# service smartd reload
Reloading smartd daemon configuration:                     [  OK  ]

# service smartd report
Checking SMART devices now:                                [  OK  ]

Které démony spouští:

/usr/sbin/smartd

Konfigurace

RPM balíčky:

smartmontools-[version]-[release]

Konfigurační soubor

/etc/smartd.conf     ### For CentOS/RHEL 5,6
/etc/smartmontools/smartd.conf .   ### For CentOS/RHEL 7

Příklad konfiguračního souboru /etc/smartmontools/smartd.conf

# cat /etc/smartmontools/smartd.conf 
# Sample configuration file for smartd.  See man smartd.conf.

# Home page is: http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net

# $Id: smartd.conf 3651 2012-10-18 15:11:36Z samm2 $

# smartd will re-read the configuration file if it receives a HUP
# signal

# The file gives a list of devices to monitor using smartd, with one
# device per line. Text after a hash (#) is ignored, and you may use
# spaces and tabs for white space. You may use '\' to continue lines.

# You can usually identify which hard disks are on your system by
# looking in /proc/ide and in /proc/scsi.

# The word DEVICESCAN will cause any remaining lines in this
# configuration file to be ignored: it tells smartd to scan for all
# ATA and SCSI devices.  DEVICESCAN may be followed by any of the
# Directives listed below, which will be applied to all devices that
# are found.  Most users should comment out DEVICESCAN and explicitly
# list the devices that they wish to monitor.
DEVICESCAN -H -m root -M exec /usr/libexec/smartmontools/smartdnotify -n standby,10,q

# Alternative setting to ignore temperature and power-on hours reports
# in syslog.
#DEVICESCAN -I 194 -I 231 -I 9

# Alternative setting to report more useful raw temperature in syslog.
#DEVICESCAN -R 194 -R 231 -I 9

# Alternative setting to report raw temperature changes >= 5 Celsius
# and min/max temperatures.
#DEVICESCAN -I 194 -I 231 -I 9 -W 5

# First (primary) ATA/IDE hard disk.  Monitor all attributes, enable
# automatic online data collection, automatic Attribute autosave, and
# start a short self-test every day between 2-3am, and a long self test
# Saturdays between 3-4am.
#/dev/hda -a -o on -S on -s (S/../.././02|L/../../6/03)

# Monitor SMART status, ATA Error Log, Self-test log, and track
# changes in all attributes except for attribute 194
#/dev/hdb -H -l error -l selftest -t -I 194 

# Monitor all attributes except normalized Temperature (usually 194),
# but track Temperature changes >= 4 Celsius, report Temperatures
# >= 45 Celsius and changes in Raw value of Reallocated_Sector_Ct (5).
# Send mail on SMART failures or when Temperature is >= 55 Celsius.
#/dev/hdc -a -I 194 -W 4,45,55 -R 5 -m [email protected]

# An ATA disk may appear as a SCSI device to the OS. If a SCSI to
# ATA Translation (SAT) layer is between the OS and the device then
# this can be flagged with the '-d sat' option. This situation may
# become common with SATA disks in SAS and FC environments.
# /dev/sda -a -d sat

# A very silent check.  Only report SMART health status if it fails
# But send an email in this case
#/dev/hdc -H -C 0 -U 0 -m [email protected]

# First two SCSI disks.  This will monitor everything that smartd can
# monitor.  Start extended self-tests Wednesdays between 6-7pm and
# Sundays between 1-2 am
#/dev/sda -d scsi -s L/../../3/18
#/dev/sdb -d scsi -s L/../../7/01

# Monitor 4 ATA disks connected to a 3ware 6/7/8000 controller which uses
# the 3w-xxxx driver. Start long self-tests Sundays between 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 
# and 4-5 am.
# NOTE: starting with the Linux 2.6 kernel series, the /dev/sdX interface
# is DEPRECATED.  Use the /dev/tweN character device interface instead.
# For example /dev/twe0, /dev/twe1, and so on.
#/dev/sdc -d 3ware,0 -a -s L/../../7/01
#/dev/sdc -d 3ware,1 -a -s L/../../7/02
#/dev/sdc -d 3ware,2 -a -s L/../../7/03
#/dev/sdc -d 3ware,3 -a -s L/../../7/04

# Monitor 2 ATA disks connected to a 3ware 9000 controller which
# uses the 3w-9xxx driver (Linux, FreeBSD). Start long self-tests Tuesdays
# between 1-2 and 3-4 am.
#/dev/twa0 -d 3ware,0 -a -s L/../../2/01
#/dev/twa0 -d 3ware,1 -a -s L/../../2/03

# Monitor 2 SATA (not SAS) disks connected to a 3ware 9000 controller which
# uses the 3w-sas driver (Linux). Start long self-tests Tuesdays
# between 1-2 and 3-4 am.
# On FreeBSD /dev/tws0 should be used instead
#/dev/twl0 -d 3ware,0 -a -s L/../../2/01
#/dev/twl0 -d 3ware,1 -a -s L/../../2/03

# Same as above for Windows. Option '-d 3ware,N' is not necessary,
# disk (port) number is specified in device name.
# NOTE: On Windows, DEVICESCAN works also for 3ware controllers.
#/dev/hdc,0 -a -s L/../../2/01
#/dev/hdc,1 -a -s L/../../2/03

# Monitor 3 ATA disks directly connected to a HighPoint RocketRAID. Start long
# self-tests Sundays between 1-2, 2-3, and 3-4 am. 
#/dev/sdd -d hpt,1/1 -a -s L/../../7/01
#/dev/sdd -d hpt,1/2 -a -s L/../../7/02
#/dev/sdd -d hpt,1/3 -a -s L/../../7/03

# Monitor 2 ATA disks connected to the same PMPort which connected to the
# HighPoint RocketRAID. Start long self-tests Tuesdays between 1-2 and 3-4 am
#/dev/sdd -d hpt,1/4/1 -a -s L/../../2/01
#/dev/sdd -d hpt,1/4/2 -a -s L/../../2/03

# HERE IS A LIST OF DIRECTIVES FOR THIS CONFIGURATION FILE.
# PLEASE SEE THE smartd.conf MAN PAGE FOR DETAILS
#
#   -d TYPE Set the device type: ata, scsi, marvell, removable, 3ware,N, hpt,L/M/N
#   -T TYPE set the tolerance to one of: normal, permissive
#   -o VAL  Enable/disable automatic offline tests (on/off)
#   -S VAL  Enable/disable attribute autosave (on/off)
#   -n MODE No check. MODE is one of: never, sleep, standby, idle
#   -H      Monitor SMART Health Status, report if failed
#   -l TYPE Monitor SMART log.  Type is one of: error, selftest
#   -f      Monitor for failure of any 'Usage' Attributes
#   -m ADD  Send warning email to ADD for -H, -l error, -l selftest, and -f
#   -M TYPE Modify email warning behavior (see man page)
#   -s REGE Start self-test when type/date matches regular expression (see man page)
#   -p      Report changes in 'Prefailure' Normalized Attributes
#   -u      Report changes in 'Usage' Normalized Attributes
#   -t      Equivalent to -p and -u Directives
#   -r ID   Also report Raw values of Attribute ID with -p, -u or -t
#   -R ID   Track changes in Attribute ID Raw value with -p, -u or -t
#   -i ID   Ignore Attribute ID for -f Directive
#   -I ID   Ignore Attribute ID for -p, -u or -t Directive
#   -C ID   Report if Current Pending Sector count non-zero
#   -U ID   Report if Offline Uncorrectable count non-zero
#   -W D,I,C Monitor Temperature D)ifference, I)nformal limit, C)ritical limit
#   -v N,ST Modifies labeling of Attribute N (see man page)
#   -a      Default: equivalent to -H -f -t -l error -l selftest -C 197 -U 198
#   -F TYPE Use firmware bug workaround. Type is one of: none, samsung
#   -P TYPE Drive-specific presets: use, ignore, show, showall
#    #      Comment: text after a hash sign is ignored
#    \      Line continuation character
# Attribute ID is a decimal integer 1 <= ID <= 255
# except for -C and -U, where ID = 0 turns them off.
# All but -d, -m and -M Directives are only implemented for ATA devices
#
# If the test string DEVICESCAN is the first uncommented text
# then smartd will scan for devices /dev/hd[a-l] and /dev/sd[a-z]
# DEVICESCAN may be followed by any desired Directives.

Jak monitorovat stav disku pomocí smartd (S.M.A.R.T.)
Jak zkontrolovat, zda disk neobsahuje špatné bloky nebo chyby disku v systému CentOS / RHEL