Řešení 1:
Z manuálové stránky apt-get
-s, --simulate, --just-print, --dry-run, --recon, --no-act No action; perform a simulation of events that would occur but do not actually change the system. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Simulate. Simulation run as user will deactivate locking (Debug::NoLocking) automatic. Also a notice will be displayed indicating that this is only a simulation, if the option APT::Get::Show-User-Simulation-Note is set (Default: true). Neither NoLocking nor the notice will be triggered if run as root (root should know what he is doing without further warnings by apt-get). Simulate prints out a series of lines each one representing a dpkg operation, Configure (Conf), Remove (Remv), Unpack (Inst). Square brackets indicate broken packages and empty set of square brackets meaning breaks that are of no consequence (rare).
Takže se ujistěte, že máte apt-get -s upgrade .
Pokud chcete upgradovat určité balíčky, stačí apt-get install <package name> a aktualizuje ho, pokud je již nainstalován. Bude však také muset aktualizovat všechny závislosti a v závislosti na tom, o co se jedná, to může přerůst do mnoha aktualizací.
Pokud jsem pozadu s aktualizacemi balíčků, udělám apt-get install na některých velkých (možná php, Apache2 atd.), abych je mohl ponechat obsažené a zkontrolovat případné problémy, a pak apt-get upgrade až skončím.
Řešení 2:
Používám apt list --upgradable .
Další alternativou je apt-get --simulate upgrade . (založeno na @EightBitTony)
Zde jsou výstupy z různých možností (doufám, že to někomu pomůže):
[email protected]:~$ apt list --upgradable
Listing... Done
kubernetes-cni/kubernetes-xenial 0.7.5-00 amd64 [upgradable from: 0.6.0-00]
N: There are 3 additional versions. Please use the '-a' switch to see them.
[email protected]:~$ apt-get --simulate upgrade
NOTE: This is only a simulation!
apt-get needs root privileges for real execution.
Keep also in mind that locking is deactivated,
so don't depend on the relevance to the real current situation!
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages will be upgraded:
kubernetes-cni
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Inst kubernetes-cni [0.6.0-00] (0.7.5-00 kubernetes-xenial:kubernetes-xenial [amd64])
Conf kubernetes-cni (0.7.5-00 kubernetes-xenial:kubernetes-xenial [amd64])
[email protected]:~$ apt-get -u upgrade --assume-no
E: Could not open lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend - open (13: Permission denied)
E: Unable to acquire the dpkg frontend lock (/var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend), are you root?
[email protected]:~$ sudo apt-get -u upgrade --assume-no
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages will be upgraded:
kubernetes-cni
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 6,473 kB of archives.
After this operation, 4,278 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] N
Abort.
[email protected]:~$ sudo apt-get -u -V upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following packages will be upgraded:
kubernetes-cni (0.6.0-00 => 0.7.5-00)
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 6,473 kB of archives.
After this operation, 4,278 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] n
Abort.
Řešení 3:
Seznam balíčků, které mají být upgradovány s jejich verzemi:
$ sudo apt-get -u -V upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages have been kept back:
mysql-client-5.5 (5.5.29-0ubuntu0.12.04.2 => 5.5.32-0ubuntu0.12.04.1)
mysql-server-5.5 (5.5.29-0ubuntu0.12.04.2 => 5.5.32-0ubuntu0.12.04.1)
mysql-server-core-5.5 (5.5.29-0ubuntu0.12.04.2 => 5.5.32-0ubuntu0.12.04.1)
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 3 not upgraded.
Poté si můžete vybrat, co chcete upgradovat:
$ sudo apt-get --only-upgrade install mysql-client-5.5
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required:
firefox-globalmenu
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
The following extra packages will be installed:
libterm-readkey-perl
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libterm-readkey-perl
The following packages will be upgraded:
mysql-client-5.5
1 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded.
Need to get 8,123 kB of archives.
After this operation, 139 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? Y
Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise/main libterm-readkey-perl i386 2.30-4build3 [28.4 kB]
Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates/main mysql-client-5.5 i386 5.5.32-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 [8,094 kB]
...
Pokud jsou odstraněny nějaké staré závislosti, můžete spustit apt-get autoremove a jak vidíte, všechny nové závislosti budou vyzvány k instalaci. --only-upgrade příznak není nutný, ale je fajn, pokud chcete zajistit, abyste omylem nenainstalovali nový balíček místo upgradu stávajícího, tj. máte jeden z těchto okamžiků a omylem zadáte špatný balíček:
$ sudo apt-get --only-upgrade install mysql-proxy
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Skipping mysql-proxy, it is not installed and only upgrades are requested.
The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required:
firefox-globalmenu
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded.